Obviously, good parents want their children to have strong teeth. Yet, in spite of the improvements in dental care in recent years, a quarter of two to five year olds and half of children 12-15 have had one or more cavities. Further 2/3 of 16- to 19-year-olds have had dental problems. To counteract this, many suggest that adding fluoride to public water will help. Others say it will do more harm than good.
Fluoride is the 13th most common element in the Earth’s crust and exists naturally in water. Some water has sufficient natural fluoride. But what if it is not naturally present? Should fluoride be added to water systems? The debate about fluoride won’t be settled here. Rather, the purpose of this article is to consider a few of these points, and to give you some options.
One side says, “Today, water fluoridation is estimated to reduce tooth decay by 20-40%.” “It is well known that fluoride helps prevent and even reverse the early stages of tooth decay.” These statements have the authority of a trained doctor. This one also: “For over 60 years, water fluoridation has proved to be a safe and cost-effective way to reduce dental caries.”
The pro side claims that fluoride combats tooth decay in two ways. First, it becomes part of the structure of developing teeth. Second, it also works when it comes in contact with the surface of the teeth. Fluoride prevents the acid produced by the bacteria in plaque from dissolving, or demineralizing, tooth enamel, the hard and shiny substance that protects the teeth. Fluoride also allows teeth damaged by acid to repair, or remineralize, themselves. Fluoride cannot repair cavities, but it can reverse low levels of tooth decay and thus prevent new cavities from forming.
Those on the other side of the debate claim that a greater quality of fluoride actually increases tooth decay. At least, they said, this is true: “. . . there is no difference in the tooth decay rates of the fluoridated and nonfluoridated areas surveyed.”
Fluorosis, a discoloration or mottling of the permanent teeth results when children 8 years of age or younger take in too much fluoride. During these years teeth are forming. To add fluoride to water along with what children get in toothpaste and dental treatments might well exceed this limit.
Symptoms of fluoride toxicity may begin 30 minutes after an overdose and last up to 24 hours. These symptoms include increased thirst, vomiting, nausea, diarrhea, abdominal pain, or increased salivation.
Those opposed to the added fluoride say the studies have not considered its long range effects. They claim it is directly linked to changes in bone structure and strength, cancer, has impaired the immune system, has caused birth defects and perinatal deaths, causes initial stages of skeletal fluorosis, inhibits key enzymes, causes osteoarthritis, suppresses thyroid function, and several other serious problems.
What do they say about the studies that prove that fluoride is good for dental hygiene? The studies had several flaws. First, they did not consider the differences between “natural fluoride” (like CaF) and added fluoride (like NaF). Second, they did not consider the other minerals in the water and these could actually be the cause of decreased instances of tooth decay. Third, the studies lack statistical analysis. Fourth, dental fluorosis is the only safety experiment included.
If you agree with the con side, what can you do if fluoride is added to your water? You could buy bottled water but this option has many drawbacks. Better, buy a water filter that promises to remove the fluoride. Some promise this optionally. For example, the Berkey has an optional fluoride filter that can be attached to the regular gravity filter rods. Don’t feel you have to drink fluoride in your water if you don’t want it.
